John Adams

“As to the history of the revolution, my ideas may be peculiar perhaps singular. What do we mean by the revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington.”

John Adams, Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 24, 1815


“There is no retreat but in submission and slavery. Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston. The war is inevitable. And let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come! It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun. The next gale that surveys from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms. Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand idle here? Is life so dark or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of chains—and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

Patrick Henry


“The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to have any property they can call their own; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance, or the most abject submission. We have, therefore to resolve to conquer or die.”

George Washington, Address to the Continental Army before the battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776


1776

AUGUST 27: Battle of Brooklyn, New York

SEPTEMBER 15: British occupy Manhattan, New York

SEPTEMBER 16: Battle of Harlem Heights, New York

SEPTEMBER 22: British execute Nathan Hale, a soldier in the Continental Army

OCTOBER 11: Battle of Valcour Island, Lake Champlain, New York

OCTOBER 28: Battle of White Plains, New York

NOVEMBER 16: Battle of Fort Washington, New York

NOVEMBER 20: British capture Fort Lee, New Jersey

DECEMBER 23: Thomas Paine publishes The American Crisis

DECEMBER 26: Battle of Trenton, New Jersey

1777

JANUARY 3: Battle of Princeton, New Jersey

JANUARY 6 – May 28: Continental Army winters at Morristown, New Jersey

APRIL 27: Battle at Ridgefield, Connecticut

JUNE 14: Flag Resolution: Congress declared “That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field”

JULY 5: British capture Fort Ticonderoga, New York

AUGUST 3 – 22: Siege of Fort Stanwix, New York

AUGUST 6: Battle of Oriskany, New York

AUGUST16: Battle of Bennington, Vermont (Walloomsac, New York)

SEPTMEBER 11: Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania

SEPTEMBER 19: First Battle of Saratoga (Freeman’s Farm), New York

SEPTEMBER 20 – 21: Battle of Paoli, Pennsylvania

SEPTEMBER 26: British take Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

OCTOBER 4: Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania

OCTOBER 7: Second Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights), New York

OCTOBER 17: British surrender at Saratoga, New York

OCTOBER 22: Battle of Fort Mercer, New Jersey

NOVEMBER 16: British capture Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania

DECEMBER 5 – 7: Battle of White Marsh, Pennsylvania

DECEMBER 19: Washington and his army winter in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

1778

FEBRUARY 6: The United States and France become allies

FEBRUARY 7: British General William Howe replaced by Henry Clinton

MAY 20: Battle of Barren Hill, Pennsylvania

JUNE 18: British abandon Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Continental Army marches out of Valley Forge

JUNE 28: Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey

JULY 4: George Rogers Clark captures Kaskaskia, present day Illinois

JULY 29 – AUGUST 31: French and American forces besiege Newport, Rhode Island

DECEMBER 29: British capture Savannah, Georgia

1779

FEBRUARY 3: Battle of Port Royal Island, South Carolina

FEBRUARY 14: Battle of Kettle Creek, Georgia

FEBRUARY 23 – 24: George Rogers Clark captures Vincennes, present day Indiana

MARCH 3: Battle of Brier Creek, Georgia

JUNE 18: Sullivan expedition attacks Indian villages in New York

JUNE 20: Battle of Stono Ferry, South Carolina

JUNE 21: Spain declares war on Great Britain

JULY 7: British burn Fairfield, Connecticut

JULY 11: British burn Norwalk, Connecticut

JULY 16: Americans capture Stony Point, New York

JULY 24 – AUGUST 14: Penobscot Expedition, present day Castine, Maine

JULY 28: Battle of Fort Freeland, Pennsylvania

AUGUST 19: Battle of Paulus Hook, New Jersey

AUGUST 29: Battle of Newtown, New York

SEPTEMBER 16 – OCTOBER 19: American/French effort to retake Savannah fails

SEPTEMBER 23: John Paul Jones and the USS Bonhomme Richard capture HMS Serapis near English coast

NOVEMBER: Washington’s Main Army begins camping at Morristown, New Jersey

1780

JANUARY 28: Fort Nashborough established (now Nashville, Tennessee)

MARCH 14: Spanish capture Mobile, present day Alabama

MAY 12: British capture Charleston, South Carolina

MAY 25: Mutiny of Connecticut regiments at Morristown, New Jersey

MAY 26: Battle at St. Louis, present day Missouri

MAY 29: Battle of Waxhaws, South Carolina

JUNE 20: Battle of Ramsour’s Mill, North Carolina

JUNE 23: Washington’s Main Army leaves their winter camps at Morristown, New Jersey

JULY 11: French troops arrive at Newport, Rhode Island

AUGUST 6: Battle of Hanging Rock, South Carolina

AUGUST 16: Battle of Camden, South Carolina

AUGUST 19: Battle of Musgrove Mill, South Carolina

SEPTEMBER 23: British officer John Andre arrested for spying

OCTOBER 7: Battle of Kings Mountain, South Carolina

OCTOBER 14: Gen. Nathanael Greene named commander of the southern Continental Army

OCTOBER 18: British occupy Wilmington, North Carolina

1781

JANUARY 17: Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina

FEBRUARY 1: Battle of Cowan’s Ford, North Carolina

FEBRUARY 12: Spanish forces take Fort St. Joseph, present day Miles, Michigan

MARCH 2: Articles of Confederation adopted; Battle of Clapp’s Mill, North Carolina

MARCH 6: Battle of Weitzel’s Mill, North Carolina

MARCH 15: Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina

APRIL 25: Battle of Hobkirk Hill, South Carolina

MAY 9: Spanish capture Pensacola, Florida

MAY 15: Battle of Fort Granby, South Carolina

MAY 22 – JUNE 18: Siege of Ninety Six, South Carolina

JUNE 6: Americans retake Augusta, Georgia

JULY 6: Battle at Green Spring, Virginia

AUGUST 28: Battle of Elizabethtown, North Carolina

SEPTEMBER 5: Battle of the Capes, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

SEPTEMBER 8: Battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina

SEPTEMBER 28 – OCTOBER 19: Siege of Yorktown, Virginia

OCTOBER 19: General Cornwallis officially surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia

1782

MARCH 8 — 9: Indians attacked by militia at Gnadenhutten, present day Ohio

MARCH 20: Lord North resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain

MAY 8: American and Spanish forces capture Nassau, Bahamas

JULY 11: British evacuate Savannah, Georgia

JULY 13: British/Indian raid on Hannahstown, Pennsylvania

AUGUST 7: Washington establishes the Badge of Military Merit, now known as the Purple Heart

AUGUST 19: Battle of Blue Licks, Kentucky

NOVEMBER 4: Encounter at John’s Ferry, South Carolina

NOVEMBER 10: George Rogers Clark raids Chillicothe, present day Ohio

DECEMBER 14: British evacuate Charleston, South Carolina

1783

MARCH 15: Washington addresses the Newburgh Conspiracy and discontent in the Continental Army, Newburgh, New York

NOVEMBER 25: British evacuate New York City, New York

DECEMBER 4: Washington bids farewell to his officers in New York City, New York

DECEMBER 23: Washington resigns as commander in Annapolis, Maryland

PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY: Sacrifice

THOMAS PAINE

“THESE are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”

SYMBOLS: Our American Flag

PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY: Never Give Up

ALLIANCES: France

ALLIANCES

ALLIANCES: Spain

PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY: WInning the Hearts and Minds

PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY: Liberty For Some, But Not For All?

FOR THE LOVE OF LIBERTY . . .

PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY: Stand and Fight

PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY: Everyone Can Contribute

THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION: If Its Broke, It Must Be Fixed!

ALLIANCES: The Netherlands

A LEGACY OF HONOR

WHAT YOU CAN DO!

PARTICIPATE IN THE DECLARATION CHALLENGE